苏格兰的民间歌谣：坦林（塔姆莱茵）的故事
简介
Tam Lin是一首苏格兰的民谣，讲述一位少女与仙后的骑士坦林相遇，最后从仙后手中救出他的故事。
这个故事最早可追溯到16世纪，后由苏格兰音乐家罗伯特·伯恩斯根据民间版本谱曲，之后不管作为童话还是作为民歌，都留下了很多版本。
这篇文章主要介绍其中比较有代表性的童谣39
A词曲，另外推荐几首民谣歌手的歌曲版本。强烈推荐与歌曲搭配欣赏。
童谣39A的现代英译转自https://tam-lin.org/，
版权归其所有。
童谣第39A
O I forbid you, maidens a’
哦，我禁止你们这些少女
That wear gowd on your hair
只要头发上戴着金饰品
To come or gae by Caterhaugh
就不要往返卡特霍尔
For young Tam Lin is there.
因为那里有位年轻的坦林
There’s nane that gaes by Carterhaugh
如果有人通过卡特豪
But they leave him a wad
必须须给他留下过路钱
Either their rings, or green mantles
要么是你的戒指，要么是绿色的斗篷
Or else their maidenhead.
要么就是你的处女之身。
Janet has kilted her green kirtle
珍妮特把她的绿色短裙
A little aboon her knee,
卷到膝盖上多一点
And she has broded her yellow hair
把她金黄色的头发
A little aboon her bree,
扎到眉毛上多一点
And she’s awa to Carterhaugh
然后她跑去了卡特豪
As fast as she can hie.
要多快就有多快
When she came to Carterhaugh
当她来到了卡特豪
Tam Lin was at the well
坦林正在井边上
And there she fand his steed standing,
她看到了他的坐骑站在那里
But away was himsel.
却没有看到他人在何方
She had na pu’d a double rose,
她在那里摘着玫瑰
A rose but only twa,
刚摘下来两朵小花
Till up then started young Tam Lin,
然后年轻的坦林过来，说
Says, Lady, thou’s pu nae mae.
女士，不要再摘了
Why pu’s thou the rose, Janet,
你为什么摘下玫瑰，珍妮特
And why breaks though the wand?
为何折断花茎？
Or why comes thou to Carterhaugh
又为何来到这卡特豪
Withoutten my command?
未经我的允许？
‘Carterhaugh, it is my ain,
“卡特豪，这是我的地方
My daddie gave it me;
父亲将这里送给我
I’ll come and gang by Carterhaugh,
我会来卡特豪闲逛
And ask nae leave at thee.’
不需要任何人同意”
（此版本在这里省去了若干场景，
但根据前后文隐晦的暗示
可以了解发生了什么）
Janet has kilted her green kirtle
珍妮特把她的绿色短裙
A little aboon her knee,
卷到膝盖上多一点
And she has broded her yellow hair
把她金黄色的头发
A little aboon her bree,
扎到眉毛上多一点
And she is to her father’s ha,
然后她跑回她爸爸的房子
As fast as she can hie.
要多快就有多块
Four and twenty ladies fair
二十四位美丽的女士
Were playing at the ba,
在庭院中玩耍
And out then cam the fair Janet,
然后美丽的珍妮特走了出来
Ance the flower amang them a’
她是她们中间最艳丽的花朵
Four and twenty ladies fair
二十四位美丽的女士
Were playing at the chess,
正在一旁下棋
And out then cam the fair Janet,
然后美丽的珍妮特走了出来
As green as onie glass.
她的脸色像玻璃一般绿
Out then spak an aul grey knight,
然后一位半老的骑士
Lay oer the castle wa,
从城堡上走来
And says, Alas, fair Janet, for thee
他说：唉，美丽的珍妮特，为了你
But we’ll be blamed a’.
我们所有人都得受责怪
‘Haud your tongue, ye auld fac’d knight,
“闭上你的嘴，你这个老脸骑士
Some ill death may ye die!
愿你不得好死！
Father my bairn on whom I will,
我孩子的父亲由我来决定
I’ll father nane on thee.’
我绝不会让你当父亲！”
Out then spak her father dear,
于是她亲爱的父亲开口
And he spak meek and mild;
他的语气温和而恭敬
‘And ever alas, sweet Janet,’ he says,
“唉，我的心肝珍妮特啊
‘I think thou gaes wi child.
我想你应该怀孕了”
‘If that I gae wi child, father,
“如果我真的有身孕，父亲
Mysel maun bear the blame;
我必须承担责备
There’s neer a laird about your ha
因为您家周围任何一个领主
Shall get the bairn’s name.
都没法得到孩子的名字”
If my love were an earthly knight,
“如果我本该爱上一位尘世的骑士
As he’s an elfin grey,
但他却是一位精灵一般的男士
I wad na gie my ain true-love
我已经没法把我的真爱
For nae lord that ye hae.
献给您的任何一位君主”
‘The steed that my true-love rides on
“我的爱人所骑的骏马
Is lighter than the wind;
比风还要轻；
Wi siller he is shod before,
它前脚钉着银蹄铁
Wi burning gowd behind.’
后蹄镶着闪耀的黄金”
Janet has kilted her green kirtle
珍妮特把她的绿色短裙
A little aboon her knee,
卷到膝盖上多一点
And she has broded her yellow hair
把她金黄色的头发
A little aboon her bree,
扎到眉毛上多一点
And she’s awa to Carterhaugh
然后她跑去了卡特豪
As fast as she can hie.
要多快就有多快
When she came to Carterhaugh
当她来到了卡特豪
Tam Lin was at the well
坦林正在井边上
And there she fand his steed standing,
她看到了他的坐骑站在那里
But away was himsel.
却没有看到他人在何方
She had na pu’d a double rose,
她在那里摘着玫瑰
A rose but only twa,
刚摘下来两朵小花
Till up then started young Tam Lin,
然后年轻的坦林过来，说
Says, Lady, thou’s pu nae mae.
女士，不要再摘了
Why pu’s thou the rose, Janet,
为什么你要摘下玫瑰，珍妮特
Amang the groves sae green,
在这翠绿的树林中
And a’ to kill the bonnie babe
为什么你要杀死那可爱的孩子
That we gat us between?
本是属于我们两个人的？
‘Oh tell me, tell me, Tam Lin,’ she says,
“哦，告诉我，告诉我，坦林，”她说
‘For’s sake that died on tree,
“看在树丫上受难的圣人的份上
If eer ye was in holy chapel,
你是否曾进入过圣堂
Or Christendom did see?
或属于过任何基督教世界？”
（这里是询问坦林的身份，后面是他的回答。）
Roxbrugh he was my grandfather,
“罗克斯布鲁格是我的祖父
Took me with him to bide,
他带我一起生活
And ance it fell upon a day
然而有那么一天
That wae did me betide.
他不幸离去了”
‘And ance it fell upon a day,
“后来有那么一天
A cauld day and a snell,
天气寒冷，冷风刺骨
When we were frae the hunting come
我们从狩猎中归来
That frae my horse I fell;
我不小心从马上摔了下来
The Queen o Fairies she caught me,
那位仙后把我捉住
In yon green hill to dwell
带到她那绿色的山丘上居住”
‘And pleasant is the fairy land,
“仙境虽然美好
But, an eerie tale to tell,
但有一个诡异的故事
Ay at the end of seven years
每当七年快结束的时候
We pay a tiend to hell;
我们要向地狱支付贡税
I am sae fair and fu o flesh,
因为我又英俊又健壮
I’m feard it be myself
我总怕被献的会是我自己”
‘But the night is Halloween, lady,
“但是马上将到万圣夜，女士
The morn is Hallowday;
第二天就是万圣节
Then win me, win me, an ye will,
来赢回我吧，赢回我吧，如果你愿意
For weel I wat ye may.
我非常渴望你能做到”
‘Just at the mirk and midnight hour
“就在暮色降临，快到午夜时
The fairy folk will ride,
仙后的骑队将会到来
And they that wad their true-love win,
如果你想赢得真爱
At Miles Cross they maun bide.’
必须要去迈尔斯十字那里等候”
But how shall I thee ken, Tam Lin,
“但我该如何认出你，坦林？
Or how my true-love know
如何找到我的真爱
Amang sae mony unco knights
在那么多骑士中间
The like I never saw?
我对他们都完全陌生？”
‘O first let pass the black, lady,
“哦，先过去的是黑马，女士
And syne let pass the brown,
然后让棕马也走过去
But quickly run to the milk-white steed,
但是看到雪白色的骏马就快跑过来
Pu ye his rider down.
让它的骑手赶快下马”
‘For I’ll ride on the milk-white steed,
“因为那雪白骏马的骑手是我
And ay nearest the town;
那时我将离城镇最近
Because I was an earthly knight
因为我也曾是尘世中的骑士
They gie me that renown.
他们给了我荣耀的称号”
‘My right hand will be glovd, lady,
“我的右手将戴着手套，女士
My left hand will be bare,
我的左手将会裸露
Cockt up shall my bonnet be,
我的帽子会翘在头上
And kaimd down shall my hair,
我的头发会散在下方
And thae’s the takens I gie thee,
这些是我给你的保证
Nae doubt I will be there.
到时候我必将到场”
‘They’ll turn me in your arms, lady,
“他们会把我变个模样，女士
Into an esk and adder;
变成蜥蜴和毒蛇
But hold me fast, and fear me not,
但请你紧紧抱住我，不要怕我
I am your bairn’s father
我是你孩子的父亲”
‘They’ll turn me to a bear sae grim,
“他们会把我变成一头凶猛的熊
And then a lion bold;
又变成一头残暴的狮子
But hold me fast, and fear me not,
但请你紧紧抱住我，不要怕我
As ye shall love your child.
因为你会爱你的孩子”
‘Again they’ll turn me in your arms
“他们又会把我变个模样，在你的怀里
To a red het gaud of airn;
我会变成一块炙热的铁棒
But hold me fast, and fear me not,
但请你紧紧抱住我，不要怕我
I’ll do to you nae harm.
我一定不会伤害你 ”
‘And last they’ll turn me in your arms
“然后他们会把我拉出你的怀抱
Into the burning gleed;
放进燃烧的炭火中
Then throw me into well water,
然后把我扔进井水之中
O throw me in wi speed.
哦，请快点扔进井水中”
‘An then I’ll be your ain true-love,
“那时我会成为你真正的爱人
I’ll turn a naked knight;
变回赤身裸体的骑士
Then cover me wi your green mantle,
用你绿色的斗篷把我盖上
And cover me out o sight.
让他们看不到我”
Gloomy, gloomy was the night,
夜色那么阴沉
And eerie was the way,
道路如此诡异
As fair Jenny in her green mantle
美丽的珍妮特身披绿色斗篷
To Miles Cross she did gae.
前往迈尔斯十字
About the middle o the night
大概在午夜时分
She heard the bridles ring;
她听到马具的响声
This lady was as glad at that
这位女士感到无比高兴
As any earthly thing.
胜过世间任何一件好事
First she let the black pass by,
她先让黑马过去
And syne she let the brown;
又放了棕马过去
But quickly she ran to the milk-white steed,
但她迅速跑向雪白色的骏马
And pu’d the rider down.
然后把骑手迎了下来
Sae weel she minded whae he did say,
她记住了他说的那些话
And young Tam Lin did win;
然后赢得了她年轻的坦林
Syne coverd him wi her green mantle,
她用绿色的斗篷遮住了他
As blythe’s a bird in spring.
就像春天里快活的小鸟
Out then spak the Queen o Fairies,
然后仙后开口说话
Out of a bush o broom:
走出那片灌木丛
‘Them that has gotten young Tam Lin
“有人得到了年轻的坦林
Has gotten a stately groom.’
得到了一位英俊的夫婿”
Out then spak the Queen o Fairies,
然后仙后开口说话
And an angry woman was she:
她成了个愤怒的女人
‘Shame betide her ill-far’d face,
“愿那个人蒙羞
And an ill death may she die,
愿她死于非命
For she’s taen awa the bonniest knight
因为他夺走了那最好的骑士
In a’ my companie.
在我所有的同伴之中”
‘But had I kend, Tam Lin,’ she says,
“但要是我早知道，坦林”她说
‘What now this night I see,
“要是我早知道今晚的事情
I wad hae taen out thy twa grey een,
And put twa een o tree.’
我便会早早取出你那两只灰色的眼珠，
把它们挂在树上。”
[8]。
注释
- 原型可能为西罗马帝国的康斯坦丁三世。↩
- 现位于英格兰德文郡。↩
- 现位于英格兰格洛斯特。↩
- 中世纪早期生活在苏格兰地区的民族，拉丁语意为“彩绘人”。↩
- 原文为called the Romans together in council，应是指不列颠的罗马遗民↩
- 中世纪人对多神异教缺乏关注，把奥丁与类似权能的墨丘利相比，但从上下文可知，撒克逊人的信仰与希腊罗马诸神实际并不等同。↩
- 如今更广泛接受的说法中Friday源自另一位女神弗丽嘉（Frigg），这里按照原文作芙蕾雅。↩
- 按照如今的地名学，兰开斯特Loncastre指的是“卢恩河旁的罗马堡垒”，而不是文中记载的起源。《不列颠列王史》中称此地为Kaercorrei，或撒克逊语的Thancastre。也有推测说此地在如今林肯郡林赛的凯斯特Caistor。↩